(Matthew Henry Bible Commentary). In Matthew 10:1415 (cf. This attracted bees as the woman was slowly stung to death. 128; McNeil, Church and the Homosexual, pp. [87][109], Scholar in history and gender studies Lisa McClain has claimed that the association between Sodom and Gomorrah with homosexuality emerged from the writings of 1st century Jewish philosopher Philo, and that no prior exegesis of the text suggested such a linkage. God reassures Abraham that if He finds fifty righteous people, he will spare the city for their sake. A different idea is found in the Paraphrase of Shem, a Gnostic text from the literature of the Nag Hammadi library. (K) 4Before they had gone to bed, all the men from every part of the city of Sodom(L)both young and oldsurrounded the house. Similar to the time of Sodom and Gomorrah, evil is all around us in today's society, from lying and stealing to pornography, drugs, illicit sex, and violence. The verses cited by Michaelson include Jeremiah 23:14,[82] where the sins of Jerusalem are compared to Sodom and are listed as adultery, lying, and strengthening the hands of evildoers; Amos 4:111 (oppressing the poor and crushing the needy);[83] and Ezekiel 16:4950,[84] which defines the sins of Sodom as "pride, fullness of bread, and abundance of idleness was in her and in her daughters, neither did she strengthen the hand of the poor and needy. The display was so fearful that it was . The name is still preserved in Jebel Usdum (Mt. This city is always mentioned next after Sodom, both of which were types of impiety and wickedness (Genesis 18:20; Romans 9:29). Lots daughters were pledged to marry local men, and these men were offered salvation from the coming wrath of God (Genesis 19:12-13). God sends two angels to destroy Sodom. Through the story of these cities, we see that the mercy shown to Lot had a direct link to the prayers of Abraham. Sodom and Gomorrah are two cities mentioned in the Bible that were destroyed in fire and brimstone for their sinfulness.. The destruction of Sodom and Gomorrah shows God's wrath in full swing, as he punishes the people of those cities - and the cities of Admah and Zeboiim, lest we forget the other two - for their 'grievous' sin. If you have any questions, please review our Privacy Policy or email us at privacy@biblegateway.com. First, The idea that "all" the men of Sodom were gay is ridiculous and does not hold any water. Abraham seems to negotiate with God on behalf of the righteous in the two cities. 36So both of Lots daughters became pregnant by their father. [69], Rictor Norton views classical Jewish texts as stressing the cruelty and lack of hospitality of the inhabitants of Sodom to the "stranger". The name Sodom means "burning" - It was a city in the vale of Siddim Genesis 13:10; 14:1-16). The miserable fate of Sodom and Gomorrah is held up as a warning in numerous passages of the Old and New Testaments. [5] They are known in Hebrew as .mw-parser-output .script-hebrew,.mw-parser-output .script-Hebr{font-family:"SBL Hebrew","SBL BibLit","Taamey Ashkenaz","Taamey Frank CLM","Frank Ruehl CLM","Ezra SIL","Ezra SIL SR","Keter Aram Tsova","Taamey David CLM","Keter YG","Shofar","David CLM","Hadasim CLM","Simple CLM","Nachlieli",Cardo,Alef,"Noto Serif Hebrew","Noto Sans Hebrew","David Libre",David,"Times New Roman",Gisha,Arial,FreeSerif,FreeSans}, Sm and , 'mr. [71] Other extrabiblical crimes committed by Sodom and Gomorrah included extortion on crossing a bridge/or swimming a river, harshly punishing victims for crimes that the perpetrator committed, forcing an assault victim to pay for the perpetrator's "bleeding"[72] and forcing a woman to marry a man who intentionally caused her miscarriage to compensate for the lost child. The eldest person to live was mathusalah at 969 years. May we turn from the pride and selfishness that leads to destruction and reach for Gods life-giving offer of salvation. It was the sin that epitomized the gross wickedness of Sodom and Gomorrahthe "grave," "ungodly," "lawless," "sensual conduct of unprincipled men" that tormented Lot as he "saw and heard" it "day after day," the "corrupt desire" of those that went after "strange flesh.". But I cant flee to the mountains;(AJ) this disaster will overtake me, and Ill die. Human Remains Found at Sodom! (BF), 34The next day the older daughter said to the younger, Last night I slept with my father. Copyright 2023, Bible Study Tools. But is there a deeper imprint we might take that has relevance to today's world? God calls us to be holy people set apart, not influenced by our wicked culture. [51], It has been suggested that if the story does have a historical basis, the cities may have been destroyed by a natural disaster. On its website, the Anglican Communion presents the argument that the story is "not even vaguely about homosexual love or relationships", but is instead "about dominance and rape, by definition an act of violence, not of sex or love". Dont do this wicked thing. [1], The etymology of the names Sodom and Gomorrah is uncertain, and scholars disagree about them. They were haughty and did detestable things before me. All men, animals, and vegetation were destroyed. The account in the Qurn (11:7483 and 29:2835) is similar, though the cities are not mentioned by name. 32Lets get our father to drink wine and then sleep with him and preserve our family line(BD) through our father.(BE), 33That night they got their father to drink wine, and the older daughter went in and slept with him. [52] It is possible that the towns were destroyed by an earthquake, especially as they lay along a major fault such as the Jordan Rift Valley; however, there are no known contemporary accounts of seismic activity that corroborate this theory and this and the suggestion that they were destroyed by a volcano have been deemed unlikely. Genesis 19:24 (ESV) "Then the Lord rained on Sodom and Gomorrah sulfur and fire from the Lord out of heaven.". The archaeological dating of the destruction of Bab edh-Dhra and Numeira is about 2300 B.C.E. The citizens would give them marked coins (presumably used to purchase food) but were nonetheless forbidden, by proclamation, to provide these necessary services. The first was an outworking of the second. Perhaps even more devastating, Lots own wife looked back at the destruction of her home and was turned into a pillar of salt (Genesis 19:26). Sodom's first mention in the Bible. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. The previous evening, as the fate of these cities hung in the balance, the conversation between Abraham and God had begun with a plea from the heart of the future patriarch: Will you sweep away the righteous with the wicked? 14:24; Ezek. According to Genesis 14.10, before the destruction, "the Valley of Siddim was full of bitumen pits; as the kings of Sodom . The exact nature of the damning wickedness of the cities has been the subject of debate. Jesus said that end-time events would parallel those in the days before Sodom and Gomorrah's destruction. On the Cross, Jesus took the weight of all sinyours and mineso we could be reconciled to God. Christians are familiar with the story. The tragedy of Sodom and Gomorrah and the surrounding cities is used in scripture as a severe warning and as an example of evil: The whole land will be a burning waste of salt and sulfurnothing planted, nothing sprouting, no vegetation growing on it. The Bible refers to 5 cities of the plain: Hosea mentions the fate of "AdmahZeboim" Hosea 11:8. So will I do to those who have not listened to me, says the Lord Almighty.". The Bible is not contradicting itself when it states that Sodom and Gomorrah's sin was sexual immorality and pride (and its related lack of concern for others). Genesis 19:1-38 ESV / 11 helpful votes Helpful Not Helpful. Deuteronomy 29:2123 refers to the destruction of Sodom and Gomorrah: And the generation to come, your children that shall rise up after you, and the foreigner that shall come from a far land, shall say, when they see the plagues of that land, and the sicknesses wherewith the LORD hath made it sick; and that the whole land thereof is brimstone, and salt, and a burning, that it is not sown, nor beareth, nor any grass groweth therein, like the overthrow of Sodom and Gomorrah, Admah and Zeboiim, which the LORD overthrew in His anger, and in His wrath; even all the nations shall say 'Wherefore hath the LORD done thus unto this land? ", Sirach 16:8[29] says "[God] did not spare the neighbors of Lot, whom he loathed on account of their insolence.". (see Jude. [f](AL)), 23By the time Lot reached Zoar,(AM) the sun had risen over the land. Within the Christian churches that agree on the possible sexual interpretation of "know" (yada) in this context, there is still a difference of opinion on whether homosexuality is important. No, you will be brought down to Hades. [107] James L. Kugel, Starr Professor of Hebrew Literature at Harvard University suggests the story encompasses the sexual and non-sexual: the Sodomites were guilty of stinginess, inhospitality and sexual license, homo- and heterosexual in contrast to the generosity of Abraham, and Lot whose behavior in protecting the visitors but offering his daughters suggests he was "scarcely better than his neighbors" according to some ancient commentators, The Bible As It Was, 1997, pp. The destruction of Sodom and Gomorrah reminds us of the ultimate cost of rebellion against God. Michaelson uses toevah in place of abomination to emphasize the original Hebrew, which he explains as being more correctly translated as "taboo". 8Look, I have two daughters who have never slept with a man. O wicked nation, remember what I did to Sodom and Gomor'rah, whose land lies in lumps of pitch and heaps of ashes. (AF) Flee to the mountains(AG) or you will be swept away!, 18But Lot said to them, No, my lords,[b] please! If the cities really existed, their inhabitants would not have . To this day, the area where Sodom and Gomorrah were located remains a desolate wasteland. Sodom was probably located in plain South of the Dead Sea, now covered with water. God is loving, compassionate, and full of mercy. Here were old and young, and all from every quarter, engaged in this riot; the old were not past it, and the young had soon come up to it. It is sad to know that apparently is not being preached anymore. [94] Instead, those who hold to this interpretation see the demand to know as demanding the right to interrogate the strangers.[95]. Greg Laurie, Was the Sin of Sodom Actually Homosexuality? This argument that the violence and the threat of violence towards foreign visitors is the true ethical downfall of Sodom (and not homosexuality), also observes the similarity between the Sodom and Gomorrah and the Battle of Gibeah Bible stories. Sodom and Gomorrah - Modern Evidence In Matthew 11:2024,[36] Jesus warns of the fate of some cities where he did some of his works: And you, Capernaum, will you be exalted to heaven? 11Then they struck the men who were at the door of the house, young and old, with blindness(S) so that they could not find the door. A Holy God demanded justicepaymentfor sin, and Jesus, the precious Lamb of God, was the perfect fulfillment of this requirement. The city was destroyed by fire from heaven in the time of Abraham and Lot ( Genesis 19:24 ). Bert de Vries, "Archaeology in Jordan", ed. (AW), 29So when God destroyed the cities of the plain,(AX) he remembered(AY) Abraham, and he brought Lot out of the catastrophe(AZ) that overthrew the cities where Lot had lived. [2][3] They are mentioned frequently in the prophets and the New Testament as symbols of human wickedness and divine retribution, and the Quran also contains a version of the story about the two cities. In fact, the Bible tells us exactly why they were destroyed. Bert de Vries, ed., "Archaeology in Jordan". During the time of Abraham, three angels came to visit him, and two of the angels decided to go visit Sodom and Gomorrah. What were those conditions, and why is it important? Lot offers the mob his daughters instead, but this only further enrages the mob, who are then struck blind by the angelic guests (19:111). Then God rains sulfur and fire on Sodom and Gomorrah and all the Plain, and all the inhabitants of the cities, and what grew on the ground (Genesis 19:2425). S Ge 17:3; 48:12; Ru 2:10; 1Sa 25:23; 2Sa 14:33; 2Ki 2:15, S Ge 13:13; Lev 18:22; Dt 23:18; Jdg 19:22; Ro 1:24-27, Ex 12:29; 2Sa 24:16; 2Ki 19:35; 1Ch 21:12; 2Ch 32:21, 1Ch 21:15; Ps 78:49; Jer 21:12; 25:18; 44:22; 51:45, Ex 9:21; 1Ki 13:18; Jer 5:12; 43:2; Lk 17:28, Nu 16:26; Job 21:18; Ps 58:9; 73:19; 90:5, Ge 24:12; 39:21; 40:14; 47:29; Ru 1:8; 2:20; 3:10, Job 18:15; Ps 11:6; Isa 30:33; 34:9; Eze 38:22, Dt 29:23; Isa 1:9; 13:19; Jer 49:18; 50:40; Am 4:11, S Ge 18:17; S Lev 10:2; S Mt 10:15; Lk 17:29, Ps 107:34; Isa 1:10; Jer 20:16; 23:14; La 4:6; Eze 16:48, Ge 36:35; Ex 15:15; Nu 25:1; Isa 15:1; 25:10; Jer 25:21; 48:1; Eze 25:8; Zep 2:9, Nu 22:4; 24:17; Dt 2:9; Jdg 3:28; Ru 1:4, 22; 1Sa 14:47; 22:3-4; 2Sa 8:2; 2Ki 1:1; 3:4; Ezr 9:1; Ps 108:9; Jer 48:1, Nu 21:24; Dt 2:19; 23:3; Jos 12:2; Jdg 3:13; 10:6, 7; 1Sa 11:1-11; 14:47; 1Ch 19:1; 2Ch 20:23; 26:8; 27:5; Ne 2:19; 4:3; Jer 25:21; 40:14; 49:1; Eze 21:28; 25:2; Am 1:13, NIV, The Woman's Study Bible, Full-Color, Red Letter: Receiving God's Truth for Balance, Hope, and Transformation, NIV, The Story: The Bible as One Continuing Story of God and His People, NIV, Beautiful Word Bible Journal, Revelation, Paperback, Comfort Print, NIV, Beautiful Word Bible Journal, Galatians, Paperback, Comfort Print, NIV, Verse Mapping Bible, Comfort Print: Find Connections in Scripture Using a Unique 5-Step Process, NIV, Cultural Backgrounds Study Bible, Red Letter Edition: Bringing to Life the Ancient World of Scripture. 26 But his wife looked back from behind him, and she . The outcry to the Lord against its people is so great(V) that he has sent us to destroy it.(W), 14So Lot went out and spoke to his sons-in-law, who were pledged to marry[a] his daughters. 13:13 ); for, 1. After wrapping up the tenth season of excavations, he . Sodom and Gomorrah was an ancient city of Syria located in the plain of Jordan. [10] Starting at 50 people, Abraham negotiates with God to spare Sodom if 10 righteous people could be found.[11]. The Bible notes five "cities of the plain," and Sodom & Gomorrah were two of these cities. He claims he may have located Sodom. In 2 Esdras 7:106,[33] Ezra says that Abraham prayed for the people of Sodom. Sodom and Gomorrah. There are several major holes in the theory and myth that Sodom and Gomorrah were destroyed because of homosexuality. Namely, homosexuality, (Gen 3:10, Gen 19). [citation needed] According to Schaub, Numeira was destroyed in 2600 BCE at a different time period than Bab edh-Dhra (23502067 BCE).[60]. They have brought disaster upon themselves (Isaiah 3:9). God then destroys the city with fire and brimstone. "[67], Later Hebrew prophets named the sins of Sodom and Gomorrah as adultery,[68] pridefulness,[24] and uncharitableness. [4] The narrative of their destruction may have a relation to the remains of third-millennium Bronze Age cities in the region, and subsequent Late Bronze Age collapse. Verily I say unto you, It shall be more tolerable for the land of Sodom and Gomorrah in the day of judgement, than for that city. In this narrative, the figure Shem, who is guided by a spiritual savior named Derdekeas, brings his universal teaching of secret knowledge (gnosis) to the citizens of Sodom before the city is unjustly destroyed by the base nature of the demon of human form. Thick smoke, like smoke from a furnace, fills the distant sky over the plains, and in this moment, Abraham knows with a sorrowful certainty: not even ten people could be found in the surrounding plains who worshipped the Lord God. This Exodus 22:2124 lesson[108] is viewed by Anglicans as a more historically accurate way to interpret the Sodom and Gomorrah story. 19The two angels(A) arrived at Sodom(B) in the evening, and Lot(C) was sitting in the gateway of the city. Have you ever read the story of Lot and the destruction of Sodom and Gomorrah documented in Genesis 19? (T) Get them out of here, 13because we(U) are going to destroy this place. of 20Look, here is a town near enough to run to, and it is small. The cities of Sodom and Gomorrah have come to epitomize moral depravity and cruelty. When the scandal was revealed, the woman was stripped naked and covered with honey. Yada is used to refer to sexual intercourse in various instances, such as in Genesis 4:1 between Adam and Eve: And Adam knew Eve his wife; and she conceived, and bare Cain, and said, I have gotten a man from the LORD. These cities probably stood close together and were near the northern extremity of what is now the Dead Sea. Copyright 2002-2023 Got Questions Ministries. The apostle Peter writes, if he condemned the cities of Sodom and Gomorrah by burning them to ashes, and made them an example of what is going to happen to the ungodly (2 Peter 2:6). What Does It Mean That "Your Life Is Hidden with Christ"? He was traveling with his nephew Lot, who "had flocks . Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). (Q) Well treat you worse than them. They kept bringing pressure on Lot and moved forward to break down the door. https://www.britannica.com/place/Sodom-and-Gomorrah, Ancient Origins - Sodom & Gomorrah - Scientific Evidence. 23:18; 24:4 1Ki. 1:26, Rom. In fact, his nephew Lot was there, along with Lots family! According to Biblical archaeologists, the story must have happened near the Dead Sea or the 'cities of the plain' as mentioned in Genesis (13:12), as Abraham could . Situated on the fertile Jordan River plain in ancient Canaan, the cities were prosperous. Sodom and Gomorrah and their fiery fate crop up in the Book of Genesis in the Old Testament, in the Torah, and in the Quran. ), Bailey, Homosexuality and Western Tradition, pp. Chapter 12 of 1 Meqabyan, a book considered canonical in the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church, references "Gemorra an Sedom". Lot adhered to the Angels and fled Sodom . What Do We Learn from Reading Jesus Genealogy? If by turning the cities of Sodom and Gomorrah to ashes he condemned them to extinction, making them an example of what is going to happen to the ungodly; and if he rescued righteous Lot, greatly distressed by the sensual conduct of the wicked (for as that righteous man lived among them day after day, he was tormenting his righteous . In the Plain of Sdom ( ) to the south there are a few springs and two small agricultural villages, Neot HaKikar and Ein Tamar. Corrections? [11] This discrepancy of 600 years is significant. The Lord had heard the outcry against the evil of these cities (Genesis 18:20), and He was ready to release His holy wrath against them. The city was destroyed by fire from heaven in the time of Abraham and Lot (Genesis 19:24). Likewise also as it was in the days of Lot; they did eat, they drank, they bought, they sold, they planted, they builded, but the same day that Lot went out of Sodom it rained fire and brimstone from heaven and destroyed them all. 2 Peter 2:410[40] says that just as God destroyed Sodom and Gomorrah and saved Lot, he will deliver godly people from temptations and punish the wicked on Judgement Day. Then my life will be spared., 21He said to him, Very well, I will grant this request(AK) too; I will not overthrow the town you speak of. Then, in fullness of joy, may we invest our lives in the great adventure of loving Jesus and in sharing His love and hope with the world. Each of us falls short of Gods holiness (Romans 3:23), but God made a way by sacrificing His son, Jesus (Romans 6:23), to be the propitiation, or atonement for our sin. The date of the destruction of Sodom and Gomorrah according to Biblical chronology was about one year before the birth of Isaac, which was in 1712 B.C.E. (AU), 27Early the next morning Abraham got up and returned to the place where he had stood before the Lord. Abraham's nephew Lot lived in the ancient city of Sodom up until the time of its destruction ( Genesis 14:12; 19:1 ). Genesis 19 tells the story of how God destroyed Sodom and Gomorrah for their wickedness, but spared Lot and his family (mostly). The story of Sodom and Gomorrah continues to reach through time as a warning to mankind. Luke 10:1112)[34] Jesus says: And whosoever shall not receive you, nor hear your words, when ye depart out of that house or city, shake off the dust from your feet. Lot welcomes them into his home, but all the men of the town surround the house and demand that he surrender the visitors that they may "know" them. One such idea is that the Dead Sea was devastated by an earthquake between 2100 and 1900 BCE. 17. God also told Abraham that he would spare the people and not destroy Sodom and Gomorrah if he could find even ten righteous people. "), interpreting the sin as arrogance and the lack of hospitality. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. Later deuterocanonical texts attempt to glean additional insights about these cities of the Jordan Plain and their residents. When he saw them, he got up to meet them and bowed down with his face to the ground. In his book of Torah commentary Jewish Values in an Open Society, the economist and business ethicist Meir Tamari writes about the sin of Sodom and Gomorrah as the sin of "Economic Egoism.". The destruction of Sodom and Gomorrah is a certain fact of history. And in 2 Peter 3:7, we read, By the same word the present heavens and earth are reserved for fire, being kept for the day of judgment and destruction of the ungodly. [58], The Jewish historian Josephus identifies the Dead Sea in geographic proximity to the ancient biblical city of Sodom. 2 "My lords," he said, "please turn aside to your servant's house. God sent His own Son to bridge the gap between His holiness and our depravity. I'll do you one better. The nonsexual view focuses on the cultural importance of hospitality, which this biblical story shares with other ancient civilizations, such as Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome, where hospitality was of singular importance and strangers were under the protection of the gods. (X) But his sons-in-law thought he was joking. The world we live in . Additionally, the sins which triggered the destruction are reminiscent of the Book of Judges' account of the Levite's concubine.[15]. Their wickedness became proverbial (Deuteronomy 32:32; Isaiah 1:9 Isaiah 1:10; Jeremiah 23:14). When Abraham learned of God's plan to destroy the cities of Sodom and Gomorrah, he asked God if He will spare them if He can find fifty innocent, godly people. Indeed we are deep into the last days. [92] For this reason, many of the most popular of the 20th century translations, including the New International Version, the New King James Version, and the New Living Translation, translate yada as "have sex with" or "know carnally" in Genesis 9:5. The Creator and Sustainer of all things cannot have anything to do with sin and ungodliness, and rebellion against the Most High will not be allowed to continue indefinitely (1 John 3:8). Two girls, one poor and the other rich, went to a well, and the former gave the latter her jug of water, receiving in return a vessel containing bread. The evaporation of the waters of the Jordan River caused the area of the Dead Sea to be covered with deposits . Commentary: This was his wife, who was a bad old woman. A close reading of the story, along with some simple research on the meaning of the . Righteous Lot is told to escape in the night with his followers and is warned that his wife will suffer the same fate as the rest. (AS) 26But Lots wife looked back,(AT) and she became a pillar of salt. 4250; Boswell, Christianity, Social Tolerance, and Homosexuality, pp. But this morning, the time for intercession is past and evidence of destruction rises in the air before him. Some Hebrew scholars believe that yada, unlike the English word "know", requires the existence of a "personal and intimate relationship". (Easton's Bible Dictionary), One of the CITIES OF THE PLAIN (which see) was destroyed by fire from heaven in the time of Abraham and Lot (Genesis 19:23-29). That they had arrived at the highest pitch of wickedness; they were sinners before theLord exceedingly ch. And they had a righteous man living among them in Lot (although a very weak man of God). All rights reserved. The story of Sodom and Gomorrah is one of the most famous and hotly-debated biblical accounts of all, but there might be a lot you don't know about the two c. Sodom and Gomorrah, notoriously sinful cities in the biblical book of Genesis, destroyed by "sulfur and fire" because of their wickedness (Genesis 19:24). The look on their faces testifies against them; they parade their sin like Sodom; they do not hide it. The prayers and petitions of Abraham mattered. [76] According to the Book of Jasher, Paltith, one of Lot's daughters, was burnt alive (in some versions, on a pyre) for giving a poor man bread. With Stewart Granger, Pier Angeli, Stanley Baker, Rossana Podest. You can wash your feet(F) and spend the night and then go on your way early in the morning., No, they answered, we will spend the night in the square.(G), 3But he insisted(H) so strongly that they did go with him and entered his house. However, because of their great sins and unforgivably evil nature, the Lord himself destroyed both cities in a hail of fire and brimstone. For if the deeds of power done in you had been done in Sodom, it would have remained until this day. [93], Those who favor the non-sexual interpretation argue against a denotation of sexual behavior in this context, noting that while the Hebrew word for "know" appears over 900 times in the Hebrew Bible, only 1% (1314 times)[70] of those references are clearly used as a euphemism for realizing sexual intimacy. Sodom and Gomorrah - known in the United States as The Last Days of Sodom and Gomorrah - is a DeLuxe Color 1962 epic film which is loosely based on the Biblical reading of Sodom and Gomorrah.The film was a Franco-Italian-American co-production made by Path, SGC and Titanus.It was directed by Robert Aldrich and produced by Maurizio Lodi-Fe, Goffredo Lombardo and Joseph E. Levine. 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