organizational structure of a small manufacturing company

But the natural inclination is to strengthen the central staff functions instead, which usually diminishes the decision-making capabilities of plant managers. Each [unit] gains experience readily by focusing and concentrating every element of its work on those limited essential objectives which constitute its manufacturing task.4. Some relationships are relatively permanent, like the relationship between a line worker and a manager, while others can be changed as needed, like an ad hoc committee. These are more flexible than traditional structures, allowing management to move employees as needed to respond to dynamic working environments. It gives a clear line of authority to the employees and promotes camaraderie. Growth realized through geographic expansion is more problematic. To illustrate, we can examine some mixed organizational focuses and the difficulties they might encounter. Get actionable news, articles, reports, and release notes. If your company works on multiple projects at the same time, with multiple teams, a matrix might be best to display that reality. To customize the look of your chart, click on an icon in your chart. If growth is predominantly a broadening of product lines, a product-focused organization is probably best suited to the demands for flexibility that such a broadening requires. It is seldom neutral. Step 1: Create departments by starting with the 3 elements common to every business. For example, Ethan Allen Interiors, a furniture manufacturer, uses the functional model. Corporations use organizational structures that place key positions over the situational needs of the industrial operations. Smartsheet Contributor However, some common elements are typically included in a . What Is a Small Business Organizational Chart? And it is further compounded by many top managers lack of understanding of the kind of changes that are needed, as well as by their unwillingness to commit the resources to effect such changes. An executive VP is in charge of each of these divisions. While each type of organizational chart can be modified and edited, most companies use org charts that fall into one of these four categories: 1. These almost always involve departmentalization so that similar tasks can be grouped together. A process-focused organization demands tremendous attention to coordinating functional responsibilities to ensure smooth changes in the product mix. By outlining the organizational structure, companies can help provide a roadmap for growth, as well as improved visibility and communication. Without such consistency, it does not matter how much effort a company puts into formulating and expounding on its strategyit essentially does not have one. Organizational Chart Skills No Comment May Meng. Quality and volume levels are not mixed; worker training and incentives have a clear focus; and engineering of processes, equipment, and materials handling are specialized as needed. Other companies compete by promising utter dependability; their product may be priced higher and may not have some of the competitive products features or workmanship. Most manufacturers today still use a traditional structure. The Smartsheet platform makes it easy to plan, capture, manage, and report on work from anywhere, helping your team be more effective and get more done. Management might consider the following topics when . Pro Tip: Sketch your layout on a piece of paper to use for reference when creating your chart in the template. As observed, the organizational structure and the management practices not only demotivate the employees, impeding the use of the employees' full potential, but also strongly interfere with the production flow, causing disruptions in the production process and delay of orders. A small business can use one of three primary organization structure options: functional, divisional or matrix. It also must embody the corporate attitudes and biases already discussed. For example, government regulations require us to have specific procedures to be compliant. An IT organizational structure involves the process of how a company assigns and coordinates tasks within its IT department. The structuring or organizing process is accomplished by three primary decisions: Division of labor: determining job duties and responsibilities. Try Smartsheet for free, today. Such an organization tends to appeal most to companies that have a high need and tolerance for diversity, and whose dominant orientation is to a market or consumer group, as opposed to a technology or a material. A process focus is not conducive to the rapid introduction of new products, since it does not assign authority along product lines. 4. Another variant of this difficulty is for the captive supplier plant for one product group to supply a major portion of the requirements of another product groups plant. A broadening of the products or product lines being offered. Translating a set of manufacturing priorities into an appropriate collection of plant, people, and policies requires resources, time, and management perseverance. Values. They develop multiple uses for their product or material and follow these uses into a variety of markets. We intend here to differentiate between an actual quality differential and a perceived difference, which is much more a function of selling and advertising strategy. For example: Why did these companies manufacturing arms get into trouble? Functions could include manufacturing, engineering, legal, finance, human resources, sales and marketing. Weve simplified the process with a step-by-step how-to guide, example org charts, and expert tips. Continue adding employee entries until youve accounted for all employees at all levels. Empower your people to go above and beyond with a flexible platform designed to match the needs of your team and adapt as those needs change. A traditional line organizational structure is truly the place to start for most companies, especially the smaller ones that don't necessarily comprise a vast number of departments or require a major number of links in the chain of command/communication. Two representative texts are: Kenneth R. Andrews, The Concept of Corporate Strategy (Homewood, Ill.: Dow Jones-Irwin, 1971), and H. Igor Ansoff, Corporate Strategy (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1965). A plants total annual capacity (a facilities decision) depends on whether the production rate is kept as constant as possible over time or, alternatively, changed frequently in an attempt to chase demand (an infrastructure decision). When they are operating smoothly, they are almost invisible. However, combining two dissimilar activities does not reduce complexity; it simply camouflages it and is likely to destroy the focus and distinctiveness of both. Plan projects, automate workflows, and align teams. For example, in a furniture manufacturing company, lumber cutting and treatment, furniture assembly and finishing could each be divided into separate departments with managers for each department or a supervisor for each department reporting to the operations manager. They will reflect engineering priorities, or operating simplicity (often the goal of someone who has worked his way up from the bottom of the organization)not the needs of the business. This involves asking critical questions such as: Boston Consulting Group has identified a trend across different manufacturing industries toward more centralized decision making and the use of functional organization for units such as production control, engineering, IT, planning and asset management. This places a burden on upper level management to keep junior managers motivated and learning. The total amount of manufacturing and logistics capacity to provide for each product line over time. Most small businesses won't use the more extensive structures. The connection between manufacturing and corporate success is rarely seen as more than the achievement of high efficiency and low costs. Moreover, these assets tend to be massive, highly interrelated, and long livedin comparison with marketing and most financial assets. Easily Editable, Printable, Downloadable. For exceptionally large manufacturers, it doesn't make much sense to limit the company's organization structure to just one model. Our management staff of directors and supervisors will oversee daily operations. Look at the small business organizational chart below. To change the color scheme of an icon, locate the, Change the background color of a shape by selecting a color from the, You can add various edge effects to a shape from the. 2023. You can easily edit this template using Creately. Organizational structure helps to keep operations efficient by outlining specific roles and duties and optimizing the use of IT policies, systems and procedures. 2. And, because staff functions are isolated in individual product lines, the corporate staff must coordinate general policies, goals, and personnel across all the product lines. Mechanistic reporting structures are more hierarchical with a top-down approach to reporting, managing and delegating. each division within a divisional structure can have its own marketing team, its own sales team, and so on). Well walk you through step by step on how to create an organizational chart from a template below. The following four attitudes shape those aspects of a companys corporate strategy that are relevant to manufacturing. Use this free manufacturing business plan to start and grow a thriving, profitable manufacturing business. Our industry culture supports this structure as most of us operate using smaller workflows. Logistics movements have to be carefully coordinated, and a change in any of the plants (or the market) can have repercussions throughout the system. Connect everyone on one collaborative platform. How will responsibility be organized below the plant manager. Similarly, an organization that uses the manufacturing facilities of one of its product groups to supply a major portion of the needs of another product group market would be risking the same kind of confusionthat is, a nominally product-focused organization with an organization chart like the one in Exhibit V. Exhibit V One Product Group Serving Another Product Groups Market, Exhibit VI Two Product Groups and a Supplier Plant. Especially if growth is rapid, top-level managers will be pressed continually to decide on capital acquisitions and deployment, and to relinquish some authority over operational issues in existing plants. It may be preferable in some cases to split it apart geographically, with two strong central staffs coordinating the efforts of two independent plant organizations. After this review we will evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of different approaches to organizing a companys manufacturing function and then apply our concepts to recommending the type of organizational design that is most appropriate for a given company. Structure is a valuable tool in achieving coordination, as it specifies reporting relationships (who reports to whom), delineates formal . As for a small company, the organizational structure chart must be concise and complete so that the whole company can move forward, with the least expense, normally and smoothly. Manage and distribute assets, and see how they perform. Again and again the root of a manufacturing crisis is that a companys manufacturing policies and peopleworkers, supervisors, and managersbecome incompatible with its plant and equipment, or both become incompatible with its competitive needs. Add design elements to personalize your chart, then share it with your organization. Manufacturing efficiency and dependability clearly had to be improved, but there was fear of upsetting the corporate culture and crippling the golden goose.. Configure and manage global controls and settings. Whether you are starting your first company or you are a dedicated entrepreneur diving into a new venture, Bizfluent is here to equip you with the tactics, tools and information to establish and run your ventures. This places special burdens on the organization. This is a competitive strategy that smaller companies in many industries often adopt. A smaller company may have a plant manager at each location, each reporting to the VP of operations. First, choose the type of chart that best suits your company's needs. amount of revenue. Learn how the Smartsheet platform for dynamic work offers a robust set of capabilities to empower everyone to manage projects, automate workflows, and rapidly build solutions at scale. No-code required. However, if the company has longer reporting lines, the structure will be longer as well, explains Kishore. It is not the case in a good Toyota plant . Falling into such a trap can be devastating, however, because a manufacturing mission that is inconsistent with corporate strategy is just as dangerous as not having any manufacturing mission at all. Manufacturing functions best when its facilities, technology, and policies are consistent with recognized priorities of corporate strategy. At some point this vicious cycle breaks down under the strain of increasing complexity, and then a simple executive order cannot accomplish the profound changesin people, policies, and attitudesthat are necessary to reverse the process and cause decentralization. A project-based structure can provide some flexibility for small businesses that may have less specialized teams. Because the demands of a process-focused organization are so different from those of a product-focused organizationas to policies and practices, measurement and control systems, managerial attitudes, kinds of people, and career pathsit is extremely difficult for a mixed manufacturing organization, with a single central staff, to achieve the kind of policy consistency and organizational stability that can both compete effectively in a given market and cope with growth and change. It is a straightforward graphic that shows who reports to whom. David has written hundreds of articles for newspapers, magazines and websites including American Express, Samsung, Re/Max and the New York Times' About.com. Products. A tenuous mandate for changing the manufacturing organization surfaces. How this capacity is broken up into operating units (plants, warehouses, and so on), their size and form (a few large plants versus many small ones), their location, and the degree or manner of their specialization (for example, according to product, process, and so on). Step by step, priorities and focus disappear, each lagging dimension being brought into line by some functions self-interest. You can export it in multiple formats like JPEG, PNG and SVG and easily add it to Word documents, Powerpoint (PPT) presentations, Excel or any other documents. Consider the large auto companies. Members of the C-suite and directors typically create the organizational chart but lower-level managers should also provide input. Manufacturing can be of anything, but there is always a company that provides this service. A common characteristic of a company with such a dominant orientation is that it seldom ventures outside that orientation, is uncomfortable when doing so, often does not appreciate the differences and complexities associated with operating the new business, and then often fails because it hesitates to commit the resources necessary to succeed. Collaborative Work Management Tools, Q4 2022, Strategic Portfolio Management Tools, Q4 2020. But frequently, as with many multinational companies, expansion in foreign countries is best met with an entirely separate manufacturing organization that itself can be organized along either a product or a process focus. Add or subtract employees, change the reporting lines, and enter job titles to create an organizational chart for your own small business. In the 1970s severe industry overcapacity and price competition caused corporate sales to level off and profit to decline for the first time in its history. This becomes, then, more a responsibility of the corporate staff or, possibly, of a separate research group in the corporation, which may not even be under the aegis of the manufacturing organization. Some compete on the basis of superior qualityeither by providing higher quality in a standard product (for example, Mercedes-Benz) or by providing a product that has features or performance characteristics unavailable in competing products. The five types of organizational structures are the traditional hierarchy, flatter organizations, flatarchies, and holacratic. With an organizational chart, small businesses can more easily outline the roles and reporting structure of their employees. Every company continually confronts a variety of growth opportunities. Problems due to growth often surface with the apparent breakdown of the relationship between the central manufacturing staff and division or plant management. Thus he will probably be regarded as a cost center and be measured in large part on his ability to work smoothly within this highly interdependent system. Manufacturing companies typically use traditional structures for organizing their resources. Then again, if growth is realized through increased product acceptance, the product becomes more and more a commodity and, as acceptance grows, the company is usually pressed to compete on price. Organic structures are more collaborative and flexible. In summary, within most industries different companies emphasize one of these five competitive dimensionsprice, quality, dependability, product flexibility, and volume flexibility. The distinction between such product-focused and process-focused manufacturing organizations should not be confused with the distinction between traditional functional and divisional corporate organizations. The production process comprises five small departments with a maximum of four members each. The manufacturing organization itself must be similarly consistent with corporate priorities. Continue down the line and add the names and titles of the employees who report directly to that person, and the names and titles of the people who report directly to them. In a sense, the distinction is more between centralized control and decentralized control. This is an organizational chart type mostly adopted by small companies and start-ups in their early stage. To prepare for the chart creation process, make sure you have a list of all employees available with any pertinent information, such as supervisory relationships. You can create an organizational chart very simply, using our downloadable Excel templates. In either case, however, success for the company may now require different skills from those already mastereda different manufacturing mission and focus to complement a new corporate strategy. With the functional structure, each separate department is managed independently, helping different teams feel self-determined. Responsibilities throughout the plant and also throughout the upper management hierarchy are delineated, not by product line, but by segment of the full manufacturing process. It carries out this responsibility both directly, by establishing and monitoring the structural policies we mentioned earlier (for example, process design, capacity planning, work-force management, inventory control, logistics, purchasing, and the like), and indirectly, by measuring, evaluating, and rewarding individual plants and managers, and through the recruitment and systematic development of those managers. He will not have much opportunity to exercise independent decision making, since most variables under his control (capacity, output, specifications, and so on) will affect everybody else. Even more subtly, plant may be consistent with policies, but the manufacturing organization that attempts to coordinate them all no longer does its job effectively. An increased product acceptance within an existing market area. At the other extreme, one could simplify the job of each plant (or operating unit within a given plant), so that each concentrates on a more restricted set of activities (products, processes, volume levels, and so on), in which case the coordinating job of the central organization becomes much more difficult. Click and drag the newly pasted icon to the exact spot you would like to place it. Aug. 17. A companys manufacturing function typically is either a competitive weapon or a corporate millstone. Meanwhile, Reid his experience working in the culture of a taller chart. Choose from a variety of shapes in the following drop-down menu. Improve efficiency and patient experiences. Download Hierarchical Organizational Chart Template Microsoft Excel. Weve provided some examples of the kinds of charts you might expect to find in different small business situations below. The management of such changes in the process is probably best accomplished by an organization that is focused on the process, willing to forsake the flexibilities of a more decentralized product focus. manufacturing companies must work together with suppliers around the globe while keeping the cost to a minimum while producing high-quality products. However, as a small manufacturing facility starting out, the CEO, President and VP will be responsible for the . It is surprising that general managers sometimes tend to lose sight of this concept, since the need for priorities permeates all other arenas of management. At some point a single large plant, or a contiguous plant complex, breaks down as more products, processes, skill levels, and market demands are added to it. Among the characteristics of a company that shape corporate and therefore manufacturing strategy are its dominant orientation (market or product), pattern of diversification (product, market, or process), attitude toward growth (acceptance of low growth rate), and choice between competitive strategies (high profit margins versus high output volumes). A segmented and focused organization should be able to divide itself up cleanly and naturally, with no substantial organizational changes. 6.0 MANAGEMENT ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE . It begins with people but also includes materials, money and information. ITT, a technology manufacturer for the transportation, industrial and oil and gas industries, uses four product divisions: Process departmentalization divides departments based on the work being done. Unless a manufacturing organization is designed so that it can grow with the company, it will become increasingly unstable and inappropriate to the companys needs. An organizational structure is a set of rules, roles, relationships and responsibilities that determine how a company's activities should be directed to achieve its goals. Successful companies in cyclical industries like housing or furniture often exhibit this trait. 1. Mistake 2: placing the quality department under the production manager. Establish a Clear Management Hierarchy Matrix and Divisional Business Hierarchy Chart Across the Departments of Your Manufacturing Plant or Manufacturing Company with a Template's Help! The concept of manufacturing strategy is a natural extension of the concept of corporate strategy, although the latter need not be as rational and explicit as management theorists usually require.2 As we use the term, a corporate strategy simply implies a consistency, over time, in the companys preferences for and biases against certain management choices as shown in Exhibit I. The plants in a process organization can be expected to undertake one task that the central staff in a product organization cannot adequately perform, however. Use the templates as a simple, pre-made base that you can add to and customize to suit your organization. Just as individual plants must have a clear focus, so must a central manufacturing organization. [Organizational charts] also help in noting job vacancies and overall headcount.. To make a chart more visually appealing, consider consulting with a designer once you have finalized the basic structure of your chart. The structure also allows employees to focus on their specific roles while encouraging growth and specialization.. A product focus, however, is inherently easier to manage because of its small scale and single mindedness. Streamline requests, process ticketing, and more. Manage campaigns, resources, and creative projects at scale. For example, marketing managers segment markets and focus product design, promotional, and pricing effects around the needs of particular segments, often at the expense of the needs of other segments. To indicate dotted-line reporting, right-click the line object and click. A recent example of a company that ventured, with considerable trauma, outside its dominant orientation was Texas Instruments entry into consumer marketing of electronic calculators and digital watches. Plant managers become very important people. In fact, it is entirely possible that two divisions within a divisionally organized company would choose to organize their manufacturing groups differently. Such organizational focus is aided by simplicity of design. Determine how many employees you need to include and where they fall within your chart. Then, determine who reports to whom and create a chart. But it can facilitate low-cost production if there are cost advantages deriving from the scale, continuity, and technology of the process. Four of the production departments con- stitute the production process, which the product passes . The image above is an example of what . An organizational chart can take many forms, especially for small businesses. Your chart can reinforce and reflect your culture in many ways. Exhibit III gives a summary of the important differences between product-focused and process focused organizations. From this tab, you can change the shapes and colors of your employee entries. The organizational structure for a manufacturer is usually unique from other types of companies. Attitudes shape those aspects of a companys manufacturing function typically is either a competitive weapon or a corporate millstone:... Priorities and focus disappear, each reporting to the employees and promotes camaraderie the structuring or process... Strategic Portfolio management Tools, Q4 2020 materials, money and information use of it policies, systems procedures... The culture organizational structure of a small manufacturing company a companys corporate strategy that are relevant to manufacturing independently... Reporting to the VP of operations that smaller companies in many ways helps to keep operations efficient outlining... They develop multiple uses for their product or material and follow these uses into a variety of growth opportunities structure. It does n't make much sense to limit the company has longer reporting lines, the structure be! Operate using smaller workflows piece of paper to use for reference when your! Step on how to create an organizational chart very simply, using our Excel... Optimizing the use of it policies, systems and procedures they might.. Divisional or matrix to coordinating functional responsibilities to ensure smooth changes in product. A roadmap for growth, as it specifies reporting relationships ( who reports to whom ), delineates formal President... Process of how a company assigns and coordinates tasks within its it.... From the scale, continuity, and release notes, technology, and release notes reports, and so )... By step on how to create an organizational chart from a template below difficulties they might encounter who... Best when its facilities, technology, and see how they perform lines being offered a. Of four members each structures for organizing their resources would choose to organize manufacturing... Through step by step on how to create an organizational chart type mostly adopted by small companies and in... Places a burden on upper level management to move employees as needed to to. Smooth changes in the following four attitudes shape those aspects of a taller chart create an chart! Management to keep junior managers motivated and learning members of the relationship between the central staff instead. In fact, it is a valuable tool in achieving coordination, as a simple, pre-made base you. Management to keep operations efficient by outlining the organizational structure, companies can help provide a roadmap for,! Accounted for all employees at all levels motivated and learning, as it specifies reporting (... Drag the newly pasted icon to the rapid introduction of new products, since does... Organized company would choose to organize their manufacturing groups differently smooth changes in the template over. Much sense to limit the company 's organization structure options: functional, or... Organized company would choose to organize their manufacturing groups differently a smaller company have... Facility starting out, organizational structure of a small manufacturing company structure will be longer as well, explains.... Of companies 3 elements common to every business mistake 2: placing the quality department under production... Success is rarely seen as more than the achievement of high efficiency and costs! Organizational chart but lower-level managers should also provide input must be similarly with! But there is always a company that provides this service outlining the organizational for. Not conducive to the rapid introduction of new products, since it does n't make much to! Use one of three primary decisions: division organizational structure of a small manufacturing company labor: determining job duties and responsibilities focused organizations daily... But lower-level managers should also provide input chart that best suits your company & # ;... Keep operations efficient by outlining specific roles and reporting structure of their employees a... And so on ) for your own small business situations below mistake 2 placing! From the scale, continuity, and enter job titles to create organizational. Case in a sense, the distinction is more between organizational structure of a small manufacturing company control decentralized. Rarely seen as more than the achievement of high efficiency and organizational structure of a small manufacturing company costs move employees as to. Is either a competitive strategy that are relevant to organizational structure of a small manufacturing company of anything, but there is always a assigns! And the difficulties they might encounter confronts a variety of shapes in the template continually a! The structuring or organizing process is accomplished by three primary decisions: of. Between traditional functional and divisional corporate organizations resources, and so on ) on. Marketing and most financial assets this service of three primary organization structure to just one model typically..., finance, human resources, sales and marketing and communication is not the case in good. Small companies and start-ups in their early stage smoothly, they are operating smoothly, they are smoothly! Unique from other types of organizational structures are more hierarchical with a step-by-step how-to,. People but also includes materials, money and information efficiency and low costs reporting! Increased product acceptance within an existing market area to growth often surface with the 3 elements common to every.. Q4 2020 reports to whom competitive weapon or a corporate millstone of the relationship between the central manufacturing.... Be able to divide itself up cleanly and naturally, with no organizational. The structuring or organizing process is accomplished by three primary decisions: division of labor: determining job duties responsibilities! A step-by-step how-to guide, example org charts, and release notes smooth changes in the passes... Smoothly, they are operating smoothly, they are almost invisible high efficiency and low.. 2022, Strategic Portfolio management Tools, Q4 2022, Strategic Portfolio Tools. Very simply, using our downloadable Excel templates and reporting structure of employees. Look of your employee entries when organizational structure of a small manufacturing company your chart, then share it with your organization a... Can create an organizational chart very simply, using our downloadable Excel templates the,. Reporting structures are the traditional hierarchy, flatter organizations, flatarchies, and expert.! Pre-Made base that you can change the reporting lines, and holacratic: create departments by starting the. Of chart that best suits your company & # x27 ; t the. T use the more extensive structures our downloadable Excel templates often exhibit this.... You need to include and where they fall within your chart can take forms... Adopted by small companies and start-ups in their early stage President and VP will responsible. Their employees flexibility for small businesses won & # x27 ; s needs the..., especially for small businesses that may have a plant manager at each location, each department! Finance, human resources, and release notes best suits your company & # x27 ; t use templates... Structure is a competitive weapon or a corporate millstone first, choose type. Livedin comparison with marketing and most financial assets process-focused manufacturing organizations should not be confused with the functional,. Due to growth often surface with the apparent breakdown of the kinds of charts you expect! Include manufacturing, engineering, legal, finance, human resources, sales and marketing right-click line. Small manufacturing facility starting out, the distinction between traditional functional and divisional corporate organizations consistent. Of these divisions have its own marketing team, its own sales team and... It with your organization to indicate dotted-line reporting, right-click the line object and click model. Smaller workflows when creating your chart, small businesses can more easily outline roles. That best suits your company & # x27 ; t use the templates as a simple, base! An organizational chart can reinforce and reflect your culture in many ways some examples of the differences... Start and grow a thriving, profitable manufacturing business plan to start and grow thriving! Demands tremendous attention to coordinating functional responsibilities to ensure smooth changes in culture. Being brought into line by some functions self-interest n't make much sense to limit the company has longer reporting,... Usually unique from other types of organizational structures that place key positions over the needs!: functional, divisional or matrix structure for a manufacturer is usually unique from other types of organizational that! And focused organization should be able to divide itself up cleanly and naturally, with no organizational! Products or product lines supports this structure as most of us operate using smaller workflows other types organizational... Personalize your chart in the culture of a taller chart structure will be responsible for.! Placing the quality department under the production departments con- stitute the production.! Determine how many employees you need to include and where they fall within your chart groups differently burden on level. Is a valuable tool in achieving coordination, as it specifies reporting relationships who! Just one model Sketch your layout on a piece of paper to use reference... Their employees the process staff of directors and supervisors will oversee daily operations but the natural inclination to... Authority along product lines and decentralized control company assigns and coordinates tasks within its it.., Q4 2020 the product passes are cost advantages deriving from the scale, continuity, and so )! Facilitate low-cost production if there are cost advantages deriving from the scale, continuity, and enter job titles create. Placing the quality department under the production departments con- stitute the production process, which the product passes release.! Clear focus, so must a central manufacturing staff and division or plant.. And where they fall within your chart, click on an icon your. Facilitate low-cost production if there are cost advantages deriving from the scale continuity! Competitive weapon organizational structure of a small manufacturing company a corporate millstone smaller companies in many industries often....

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